ellis
Zajrzyj do referencji do których ja się odnosiłem, jeśli oczywiście Cię to ciekawi. Wstępnie możesz przeczytać sobie fragment z artykułu jakiego autorem jest Anssi Manninen, akurat odnosi się do tego typowo marketingowego wniosku jaki często słyszymy, przedstawia jednocześnie co na to mówią nam niezależne badania:
"A recent article in an independent and widely-respected journal of naturopathic medicine has acknowledged that Creatine Serum is the safest and most effective form of creatine for athletic supplementation. The article appeared in the February/March issue of The Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients...It outlines the different forms of creatine available, and details the rising safety concerns around supplementation with large doses of creatine powder.
These safety concerns include the osmotic effect of dehydration resulting from creatine monohydrate's insolubility, and the suppression of natural creatine production in the body...The article also points out several other important concerns around creatine monohydrate powder supplementation. For example, an unknown amount of powder remains unaccounted for in the digestive system. Furthermore it may cause complications in stomach acid deficiency and an increase in the body's production of formaldehyde. Both of these could lead to potentially serious complications."
However, there is no scientific evidence supporting these claims, and the Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients is certainly not a peer-reviewed scientific journal. I just read this paper (Gina L. Nick, Ph.D., N.D.: Creatine phopshate complex and creatine serum) and I was stuck by the following statements: "Creatine monohydrate is less than 1% soluble in water (0.7%), and therefore most preparations come in powdered form or suspended in a variety of viscous proprietary compounds. Only the soluble 1% is absorbable through the stomach lining. Of the remaining 99% of the ingested monohydrate, roughly 90% will be hydrolyzed to creatinine by stomach acid, leaving about 10% to enter the blood stream and taken by muscle cells."
Although creatine is not subject to first-pass metabolism, other routes are possible for decreasing systemic creatine exposure after oral administration. The rate of formation of the degradation products, creatinine, is increased in the presence of acid and therefore accelerated degradation is possible in the lower pH of the stomach. However, creatine degradation to creatine occurs at its maximal rate at pH 3-4.15 The degradation half-lives for the conversion of creatine to creatinine at pH values 1.4, 3.7 and 6.8 are 55, 7.5 and 40,5 days, respectively.15 At these rates, less than 0.1 g of a 5 g dose would be lost in 1 hour.
Therefore, conversion to creatinine in the gastrointestinal tract is probably minimal regardless of transit time.15 Dr. Richard Kreider and colleagues examined whether creatine serum supplementation has any effect on muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or creatine levels.13 Results revealed that creatine monohydrate significantly increased muscle creatine content while no significant differences were observed among liquid placebo or creatine serum in pre- and post ATP or creatine levels. These findings indicate that creatine serum has no effect on muscle ATP or creatine stores even when taken at eight times the recommended dosage for 5 days.
Zmieniony przez - ellis w dniu 2006-11-10 15:07:17
"A recent article in an independent and widely-respected journal of naturopathic medicine has acknowledged that Creatine Serum is the safest and most effective form of creatine for athletic supplementation. The article appeared in the February/March issue of The Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients...It outlines the different forms of creatine available, and details the rising safety concerns around supplementation with large doses of creatine powder.
These safety concerns include the osmotic effect of dehydration resulting from creatine monohydrate's insolubility, and the suppression of natural creatine production in the body...The article also points out several other important concerns around creatine monohydrate powder supplementation. For example, an unknown amount of powder remains unaccounted for in the digestive system. Furthermore it may cause complications in stomach acid deficiency and an increase in the body's production of formaldehyde. Both of these could lead to potentially serious complications."
However, there is no scientific evidence supporting these claims, and the Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients is certainly not a peer-reviewed scientific journal. I just read this paper (Gina L. Nick, Ph.D., N.D.: Creatine phopshate complex and creatine serum) and I was stuck by the following statements: "Creatine monohydrate is less than 1% soluble in water (0.7%), and therefore most preparations come in powdered form or suspended in a variety of viscous proprietary compounds. Only the soluble 1% is absorbable through the stomach lining. Of the remaining 99% of the ingested monohydrate, roughly 90% will be hydrolyzed to creatinine by stomach acid, leaving about 10% to enter the blood stream and taken by muscle cells."
Although creatine is not subject to first-pass metabolism, other routes are possible for decreasing systemic creatine exposure after oral administration. The rate of formation of the degradation products, creatinine, is increased in the presence of acid and therefore accelerated degradation is possible in the lower pH of the stomach. However, creatine degradation to creatine occurs at its maximal rate at pH 3-4.15 The degradation half-lives for the conversion of creatine to creatinine at pH values 1.4, 3.7 and 6.8 are 55, 7.5 and 40,5 days, respectively.15 At these rates, less than 0.1 g of a 5 g dose would be lost in 1 hour.
Therefore, conversion to creatinine in the gastrointestinal tract is probably minimal regardless of transit time.15 Dr. Richard Kreider and colleagues examined whether creatine serum supplementation has any effect on muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or creatine levels.13 Results revealed that creatine monohydrate significantly increased muscle creatine content while no significant differences were observed among liquid placebo or creatine serum in pre- and post ATP or creatine levels. These findings indicate that creatine serum has no effect on muscle ATP or creatine stores even when taken at eight times the recommended dosage for 5 days.
Zmieniony przez - ellis w dniu 2006-11-10 15:07:17
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